Triple, Quadruple, and Higher-Order Helices: Historical Phenomena and (Neo-)Evolutionary Models
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple quintuple helices as models encompassing generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, been adopted by European Committee Regions Commission metaphors further strategy development such in EU-programs Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that transition from a double helix to triple can change dynamic trajectory regime. However, next-order transitions (e.g., quadruple, quintuple, or n-tuple helices) be decomposed recombined into interacting Triple Helices. For example, case of four A, B, C, D, one distinguish ABC, ABD, ACD, BCD; each triplet generate synergy. The synergy indicator thus elaborated more than three dimensions. whether innovation systems are national, regional, sectorial, triple-helix, quadruple-helix, etc., inform policies with evidence if proceeds measurement. A variety perspectives used interpret data. Software testing will introduced.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Triple Helix
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2197-1927', '2590-0366']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/21971927-bja10022